ႏုိင္ငံျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးအတြက္ေတာင္းဆုိခ်က္ကုိျငိမ္းသက္သြားေအာင္တရုတ္ကြန္ျမဴနစ္အစုိးရၾကိဳးပမ္း

တုိင္းရင္းသားအသံ
ႏုိင္ငံျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးအတြက္ေတာင္းဆုိခ်က္ကုိျငိမ္းသက္သြားေအာင္တရုတ္ကြန္ျမဴ
နစ္အစုိးရၾကိဳးပမ္း

အမိန္.ျပန္တမ္း ၀၈(Charter 08) ဆုိတာဘာလဲ?

New Constitution=ဖြဲ.စည္းပုံအေျခခံဥပေဒအသစ္၊
Legislative Democracy=ဥပေဒျပ႒ာန္းေရးႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ေသာဒီမုိကေရစီ၊
Judicial Independence=တရားစီရင္ေရးႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ေသာလြတ္လပ္ခြင့္၊
Freedom to Assemble= လြတ္လပ္စြာစုရုံးပုိင္ခြင့္ မ်ားျဖစ္ပါသည္၊
အမိန္.ျပန္တမ္း (၀၈)ကုိလက္မွတ္ထုိးထားေသာတရုတ္ေရွ.ေနမ်ား၊အတုိက္အခံမ်ားႏွင့္ပညာရွင္မ်ားကုိတရုတ္ကြန္ျမဴနစ္က အၾကီးအက်ယ္လုိက္ေႏွာင့္ယွက္ေနသည္၊ဖမ္းဆီးထိမ္းသိမ္းျခင္း၊စစ္ေဆးျခင္း၊အလုပ္တြင္ဖိအားေပးျခင္းမ်ားကုိျပဳလုပ္ေနပါ သည္၊တရုတ္အစုိးရသည္ႏွစ္(၃၀)စီးပြားေရးျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးမ်ားလုပ္ခဲ့ေသာ္လည္းႏုိင္ငံေရးျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲျခင္းမရွိခဲ့ေပ၊
ဒီျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးအတြက္ေနာက္ဆုံးေတာင္းဆုိခ်က္ကုိ တရုတ္အာဏာပုိင္မ်ားကုိင္တြယ္ပုံကုိင္တြယ္နည္းကုိၾကည့္ရင္ ကြန္ျမဴနစ္အစုိးရကႏုိင္ငံေရးျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးကုိလုိလာပုံမရပါဘူး၊

တရုတ္ျပည္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးအတြက္လွဳပ္ရွားမွဳမ်ားကုိဒို.တေတြေစာင့္ၾကည့္သင့္ပါသည္၊အကယ္၍တရုတ္ျပည္ေျပာင္းလဲသြား ရင္ျမန္မာျပည္အတြက္ပါဂရက္ရုိက္ခတ္မယ္ကုိေသခ်ာပါေၾကာင္းတေစ့တေစာင္တင္ျပလုိက္ပါသည္။

Liu Xiaobo is in detention at an undisclosed location. China's economy has liberalised, but its political system has not

China aims to silence reform call

Chinese lawyers, dissidents and academics who signed a document calling for political reform are being harassed by the authorities.

Signatories to the Charter 08 document have been detained, questioned by the police and put under pressure at work.

The charter calls for a radical overhaul of China's political system by introducing elections, a new constitution and an independent judiciary.

Despite 30 years of economic reforms, China's political system has hardly changed in that time.

And the authorities' reaction to this latest call for reform suggests the country's leaders still have no appetite for political reforms.

House arrest

Charter 08 was published last month on the 60th anniversary of the promulgation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

December also marked three decades since China began reforms that have transformed the economy and the country's fortunes.

But even before the document was published, the police started visiting some of the 300 or so original signatories.

Writer and dissident Liu Xiaobo is believed to be under a form of house arrest at an undisclosed location in Beijing.

CHARTER 08 New constitution Legislative democracy Judicial independence Freedom to assemble

The authorities have yet to state publicly why the 53-year-old has been detained.

He is believed to be the only signatory being held by the police, but others have experienced other kinds of harassment.

Police went to journalist Li Datong's work unit to look for him. He was not there, but now he knows the authorities are watching him.

Shanghai lawyer Zheng Enchong has been taken in for questioning four times since the document was published.

Speaking out

Li Boguang, another lawyer, was invited to meet with a Chinese security official at a Beijing coffee shop, where for more than an hour he had to explain why he had added his name to the charter.

"The official didn't say anything. He just listened to my reason and then left. This is how they operate," he said.

I am willing to pay any price for this Xu Youyu, Charter 08 signatory

China usually metes out severe treatment to anyone who criticises the system, but Mr Li said he still thinks it was right to sign the charter.

"Change requires ordinary citizens, particularly intellectuals, to speak out. This will slowly influence the government," he said.

Another signatory, academic Xu Youyu, experienced a different kind of pressure.

Mr Xu, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, was told by his boss that signing the document broke Chinese laws.

"I told him that was nonsense. That's absolutely not the case," the expert in Western philosophy told the BBC.

Liu Xiaobo is in detention at an undisclosed location

He was then asked to retract his signature, which he refused to do. "I am willing to pay any price for this," he added - even going to prison.

Mr Xu has also been told that he will not now be allowed to write the forward to the book of a colleague.

"The publishers received an order from the centre saying that everybody who signed their name to the charter had lost their qualification to publish any article or any book," he said.

The document that appears to be causing so much concern among senior Chinese leaders is one of the most important published in several years.

It was based on Charter 77, which in 1977 called for respect for human and civil rights in what was then Czechoslovakia.

Property rights

Charter 08 says the Chinese government's approach to modernisation has been "disastrous".

It "deprives humans of their rights, corrodes human nature, and destroys human dignity," the document says.

It calls for a political system that guarantees human rights, freedom of expression and protection for private property.

It has also stirred interest abroad. Several Nobel laureates, among others, have written to Chinese President Hu Jintao asking him to release Liu Xiaobo.

China's leaders are saying little about Charter 08 - or the detention of Mr Liu.

But President Hu made it clear in a speech to mark the 30th anniversary of the country's reforms that China would not adopt Western-style democracy.

Willy Lam, of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, said China's leaders are nervous about calls for political change.

This nervousness has increased with the country's economic problems, which could create a restless population receptive to calls for political change.

Mr Liu's detention is a case of "killing the chicken to scare the monkey", according to Mr Lam.

This is a Chinese idiom that suggests making an example of one person to keep others in line.